Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce turned up the volume in the 1960s when they used a transistor as an electronic switching device in the development of integrated circuits. These circuits, when arrayed, became the mainframes for computers. For the past three decades, as electronics have become more powerful, computers and transistors have been shrinking in size as have the devices themselves. Memory requirements have skyrocketed, and the impact of the information revolution on society has changed the way people use computers and they way they think about them.
Computers are used in almost every aspect of life: automobile engines, microwave ovens, video games, watches, telephones, laptop computers, medical diagnostic equipment, commercial aircraft, and orbital satellites that deliver cable signals around the world. Computers have become tools that perform the immediate, but that's not even quick enough.So, while the computer field is one of the fastest growing segments of industry today, it is also one of the fastest changing areas technologically.
Graduates with degrees in computer science or computer engineering might find themselves in a variety of environments - academia, research, industry, government, and private or not-for-profit organizations. On a daily basis, computer professionals are called on to analyze challenges, formulate and test solutions, use advanced communications or multimedia equipment, or work in teams for product development.The opportunities are enormous. However, an education in computer science and engineering does not stop with a college degree. It continues on the job or in the graduate school environment through seminars, conferences, advanced courses, and training.
New ideas are developed every day. Success will require an ongoing commitment to maintaining up-to-date knowledge as well as a dedication to push beyond the comfortable, to explore, innovate, and create. Here's a partial list of career opportunities for computer science and engineering graduates:
- Artificial Intelligence
The development of computers that simulate human learning and reasoning ability.
- Computer Design and Engineering
The design and manufacture of new computer circuits, microchips, and other key electronic components
- Computer Architecture
The design of new computer instruction sets, working to combine optical or electronic components to create faster, more cost-effective computing environments.
- Information Technology
The development and/or management of information systems that support industry, which can involve hardware, software, algorithms, databases, and man-machine interfaces.
- Software Engineering
The creation of methods for the production of software systems quicker and more efficiently.
- Computer Theory
The study of fundamental theories of how computers solve problems and eventual application of those findings to other areas of computer science and engineering.
- Operating Systems and Networks
The development and implementation of the basic software computers use to supervise themselves or communicate with other computers in a network.
- Software Applications
The application of computer science and engineering technology to solve problems outside the field of computer science - for example, medical or educational applications.
7 Ways to Prepare for Computer Science Careers
1. Choose a degree with a focus on employability
Unless
you’re planning to follow an academic career path, you’ll want to seek
out computer science degrees with a strong focus on practical and
applied approaches to learning. For example, all computer science students complete a series of
practical projects, including opportunities to work on real-life briefs
for clients. This focus on applied learning ensures students emerge
ready for the workplace, having gained valuable hands-on experience and
feedback from employers.2. Complete placements as part of your studies
As well as completing practical projects, there is no better way to prepare for computer science careers than by undertaking relevant work experience. At UCL an, all computer science students have the chance to complete a one-year paid and assessed work placement as part of their course, at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. Most placements are with local employers, but there is also the opportunity to complete this year in industry at an English-speaking employer elsewhere in Europe. This immersive period of work experience allows students to further develop their skills and understanding of the sector, while adding significant value to their CVs, and in some cases the placement even leads directly to a job offer.
3. Get a strong foundation before you specialize 
You
may already have a clear idea of the area of computer science you want
to specialize in, and it can be tempting to dive straight into a highly
specialized course. But don’t go too fast! You don’t want to waste time
following a specialization which you later decide to change, or risk
skipping past some of the essential elements which underlie all computer
science careers. At UCL an, all undergraduate students start with an
introduction to the core computer science topics, before deciding on a
specialized pathway. Starting from a broad skills base allows students
to select a specialization with more confidence, and also means a wider
range of careers are open to them.4. Check the accreditations of your course
Before deciding on a computer science degree, you may also want to find out whether it is accredited by any professional bodies. For instance, UCLan’s computer science programs are accredited by the British Computer Society. This ensures high standards of course development and delivery are adhered to, with the department undergoing regular external assessment. It’s also an effective way for graduates to prove to employers that they are workplace-ready, as many companies will want to know students have studied a program with professional accreditation.Of course you’ll also want to know what other students think about the course, perhaps by seeking out the results of student satisfaction surveys. In the 2015 National Student Survey, UCLan was rated first in North West England for its computer science faculty, and 13th nationally (out of 105).
5. Gain the ‘soft skills’ needed for computer science careers 
You
might think technical skills are all you need for computer science
careers – but in fact interpersonal skills are just as important. With
this in mind, make sure your degree offers opportunities to develop
communication and teamwork skills, as well as related areas of knowledge
in high demand among employers, such as agile project management. More
broadly, being part of a friendly and supportive community will help you
develop and succeed during your studies and beyond. UCL an has a strong
focus on ensuring computer science students develop a range of related
skill sets, as well as running an award-winning orientation program to
ensure new students quickly develop close bonds and social connections.6. Develop your skills through competitions
Alongside work placements, another way to develop and show off your skills is by entering computer science competitions. These can be fun and rewarding ways to challenge yourself, as well as providing even more impressive material for your CV. For example, UCL an students have entered and won the national ‘Search for a Star’ and ‘Rising Star’ competitions. They also recently won the first Defectives University Challenge, and have achieved a top-three position every time they’ve entered the BBC Technology Challenge.UCL an students are well prepared to excel in such contests. Indeed, the first year of the undergraduate computer science program kicks off with a four-week challenge, in which students collaborate to design, develop and market new apps. Since this often includes a bit of dressing up they’re more than ready to present their ideas to others!
7. Consider the local opportunities and competition 
When
choosing a location for your computer science studies, you may be
attracted to cities where high numbers of employers are based. However,
it’s also worth considering the level of competition for jobs; studying
in an area with fewer universities could mean you have fewer fellow
graduates to compete with. UCL an’s location as the only university in
Preston, in North West England, means its graduates are in high demand
among local employers. Companies such as IBM regularly visit the
university to recruit directly from its pool of computer science
students. In turn, UCL an’s strong local alumni community provides an
instant professional network for new graduates. This is in stark
contrast to many other parts of the country, where the higher density of
universities means students and graduates often face fierce competition
for roles.Career Opportunities in Computer Science Engineering
BTECH|DIPLOMA| BCA|MCA|BSc |CS|IT|JOBS
Job Preference of Private Universities Students in Bangladesh(A Case Study of Some Selected Private Universities)
STUDENTS approach higher education with varying aspirations,bringing a wide range of prior skills, knowledge, abilities and ambitions from secondary and further education. They arrive at the threshold of higher education by different routes and embark on very different career trajectories within higher education. A Well-educated, well-trained population could propel a nation towards rapid economic growth. Most of the public universities and private universities provide education based on models and materials developed in the west, particularly from the UK and USA.In a study conducted upon the private university students of Bangladesh. The private higher educational institutions in Bangladesh are presently growing at a rapid pace. This growth is happening not only in terms of number but also in terms of their contribution to produce skilled and qualified manpower. These growing numbers of private universities are getting more competitive by performing beyond their traditional teaching and researching. They are now challenged to contribute to society’s economic and social development, which is the third mission of universities (Gibb, 1996)[1, 2, 3, 4]. Establishment of private university in Bangladesh initiated after the institution of the Private University Act 1992. There are 64 such universities that are operational in five out of seven division of the country. Most of the private universities are in Dhaka Division summing up to 45.
METHODOLOGY
Methodology is the most important part in any study, particularly, research works like the current research work. The research is based on field level primary data which were collected from different
departmentsof private universities. Survey methods have its advantages over other method and it involves shorter time and it offers similar scope as the case of study method in collecting primary data.The area of 19 private Universities is covered by the survey. All the students of private University in Bangladesh consider as population. Her exampling units are the students of private University.There are many techniques to select data. In this study, we used the technique of stratified random sampling[5]. We have collected information using a stratified random sampling technique, considering each department as a stratum; the numbers of sampling units of strata are selected proportional to the number of students of the departments. Information from a sample
of 450 students has been collected through a well designed questionnaire. However, after scrutiny, only 407questionnaires have been selected as the sample of the study.In this study we use chi square test [6]and logistic regression[7]model for our analysis.
Table1: Frequency and Percentage Distribution According to Different factors of the respondents
1: Bar Diagram:for job preference vs. department of the respondents
From this diagram we see that most of the BBA students prefer bankin gjob, CSE students prefer banking job, EEE students prefer private job, Textile students prefer private job, Economics students preferbanking job, Social Science students prefer Government job.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS In this section statistical analysis are carried out to have some idea about the relationship/association for some common but important characteristics by using different statistical tools such as, χ²-test through contingency table and logistic regression analysis.A chi-square test is a statistical test commonly used for testing independence and goodness of fit. Testing independence determines whether two or more observations across two populations are dependent on each other.
Table2: Cross tabulation between job preference and gender of the respondent
Hypothesis:
H0: There is no association between job preference and gender of the respondent.
H1: There is association between job preference and gender of the respondent.
Comment:
Since P-value less than 0.05 with 5 df. So we may reject the Ho. That means there is significance association between job preference and gender of the respondent.
Table3: Cross tabulation between job preference and department of the respondent.
Hypothesis:
H0: There is no association between job preference and department of the respondent.
H1: There is association between job preference and department of the respondent.
Comment:
We have P-value less than 0.01 with 25df, which is highly significant at1% level of significant. So we may reject the Ho. That means there is significance association between job preference and department of the respondent.
Table4: Cross tabulation between job preference and family status of the respondent
Hypotheses:
H0: There is no association between job preference and family status of the respondent.
H1: There is association between job preference and family status of the respondent
Comment:
We have P-value less than 0.01 with 10 df , which is highly significant at 1% level of significant. So we may reject the Ho. That means there is significance association between job preference and family status of the respondent,
Table5: Cross tabulation between job preference and region of the respondent
Hypotheses:
H0: There is no association between job preference and regionof the respondent.
H1: There is association between job preference and region of the respondent.
Comment:
We have P-value less than 0.01 with 25 df, which is highly significant at 1% level of significant. So we may reject the Ho. That means there is significance association between job preference and education qualification of father of the respondent.
From the above table our findings are as follows:
- For the coefficient of female,we have Exp(B) = .108, this suggests that the respondentwhoare female, would choose others job(Banking, Business, Private Service, Teaching ) as occupation likely .108 times more than the respondent who are male
- .For the coefficient CSE, we have Exp (B) = 0.994,this suggests that the respondent who study at CSE department, would choose others jobas occupation likely 0.994times more than the respondent who study at BBA department.Also the respondent, who study at EEE department, would choose others job as occupation likely 1.272 times more thanthe respondent who study at BBA department and so on.
Table7: for logistic regression analysis
1.Variable(s) entered :
department, Gender, religion, family income, education of father.
2.RC= Reference category
*Significance level 0.05**Significance level 0.01
- For the coefficient of Hindu, we have Exp(B) = 8.968E9,this suggests that respondents who is Hindu, would choose others job as occupation likely 8.968E9 times more than the respondent who is Muslim.
- For the coefficient of family income 100000 +, we have Exp(B) = 3.166,this suggests that respondent who have family income100000 +, would choose others job as occupation likely 3.166 times more than the respondent who have family income bellow 40000.The respondent who have family income 40000 -60000, would choose others job as occupation likely 2.282E8 times more than the respondent who have family income bellow 40000 and so on.
- For the coefficient of Graduate, we have Exp(B) = 1.094,this suggests that the respondent whose father education is Graduate, would choose others job as occupation likely 1.094 times more than the respondent whose father is illiterate.Also the respondent,whose father education is Primary, would choose others job as occupation likely 0.425 times more than the respondent whose father is illiterate and so on.
